What mulching is
Mulching — called Aacchadana in natural farming — means covering the soil surface with a protective layer of material instead of leaving it bare. In natural farming it is considered one of the foundational practices.
Why it matters
Covered soil behaves very differently from bare soil:
- Holds moisture — reduces evaporation, so soil stays damp longer between rains or irrigations.
- Suppresses weeds — a good mulch layer blocks light and slows weed growth.
- Moderates temperature — keeps the soil cooler in heat and reduces stress on roots.
- Feeds the soil — as organic mulch breaks down, it adds humus and supports soil life (working together with inputs like Jeevamrutham).
- Protects structure — cushions the soil against heavy rain and crusting.
Types of mulch
- Crop-residue / straw mulch (dry cover): leftover stalks, straw, dried leaves, husks and shells spread over the soil.
- Live mulch (green cover): low-growing intercrops or cover crops that shade the soil while alive.
Both aim to keep the soil surface covered rather than exposed.
How to use it
Spread the material as an even layer over the soil, around and between plants. Keep heavy mulch slightly away from tender stems where rot could be a problem. As the layer decomposes, top it up so the soil stays covered through the season.
Honest note on evidence
The moisture, weed-suppression and soil-building benefits of mulching are well supported in general agronomy as well as natural-farming experience — which is why this article is labelled mixed evidence rather than purely traditional. Even so, the right amount and type of mulch depends on your crop, soil and climate, and very wet conditions can call for a lighter touch. Observe your own fields and adjust.